Hardcore punk originated in the late 1970s. It's usually faster and heavier than regular punk rock. It spanned the straight edge movement and its associated submovements, hardline and youth crew.
http://punkmusic.about.com/od/punktionary/g/straightedge.htm
http://www.dictionaryupdate.com/Hardline
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_crew
Hardcore influenced other music genres like alternative rock, alternative metal, metal core thrash metal, emo, and post-hardcore. It started in the underground scenes across the US in the early 1980s. The most popular places being Washington, California, New York, New Jersey, Boston, Canada and the UK. Traditional hardcore has never reached mainstream commercial success, but an exception would have to be Black Flag's album Damaged: it was included in Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003.